Bauhaus Presentation:
Bauhaus
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Under Walter Gropius guidance and the fellow students were Paul Klee, Marcel Breuer Josef Albers, Mies van der ROhe en Wassily Kandinsky .
This school was so dynamic that Bauhaus had to move forward until 1933, when Hitler decided to close down the school.
The school started in a German city named Weimar from 1919 till 1925, where it was under the guidance of the founder and first director Walter Gropius. Then in 1925 it moved to the city Dessau. When Walter resigned Hannes Meyer took over as the second director of the school in 1928 and after two years Ludwig Mies van der Rohe became the third director. 1931 the school moved again to Berlin and Ludwig continued as the director of the school until it was closed down by the Nazi’s in 1933.
The changes of venue and leadership resulted in a constant shifting of focus, technique, instructors, and politics. For instance, when the school moved from Weimar to Dessau the pottery shop was closed, although it was an important revenue source. And when Mies van der rohe took over in 1930 he turned it into a private school and none of the supporters of Hannes Meyer were allowed to study at this school.
The Bauhaus style was also known as the International style. It was marked by the absence of ornamentation and by the harmony between function of an object of building and its design.Provin by Mies van the rohes phrase “Less is more” which was a famous phrase from this era.
An important influence on Bauhaus was modernism.
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Gropius was no longer evoking images of soaring Romanesque cathedrals , instead declaring "we want an architecture adapted to our world of machines, radios and fast cars.
Gropius said that with the end of the war a new period of history had begun and he wanted to create this new architectural style to reflect this new era and it had to be functional, cheap and consistent with mass production.
The school did not offer classes in architecture until 1927. The single most profitable tangible product of the Bauhaus was its wallpaper.
Meyer favored measurements and calculations in his presentations to clients, along with the use of off-the-shelf architectural components to reduce costs, and this approach proved attractive to potential clients. The school turned its first profit under his leadership in 1929
The basic design was based on the scientific method in art. Art could ne brake down into most basic element like the cubic, sfeer and cylinder.
They wanted artist to experiment with form, colour, materials and also receive teaching in (handewerk), education of being a craftsman or industrial designer.
They had curriculum’s: in Visual art the focus was on the consept of structure, using scientific methods.
Foundation course: to experiment in basic form, colour and composition. Students was introduced to different type of materials, techniques in basic practical projects and further they were taught in mass production.
From 1924 their main focus was more on the machine and industrial production with the climax on functionality and rasionalsism.
The Bauhaus school was made out of concrete and the glass curtain wall. The roof was flat and covered with waterproof materials.
The building was functional but jet there was a great loss in decoration.
Walter’s main focus was that the function of the building should determine its form.
Bauhaus was known for their geometric and abstract shapes.
Materials used in architecture was
Pre- manufactured concrete, reinforced concrete, glass curtain wall, and overall in the Bauhaus era the materials used was steel, concrete and glass.
Characteristics in architecture was
1) Clean lines and in buildings
2) the use pre-manufactured concrete and reinforced concrete
3) It hated ornamentation and favors functionality
4) Uses asymmetry and regularity versus symmetry
5) Buildings usually cubic, favored right angles, although some feature rounded corners and balconies.
6) They had smooth facades and open floor plan.
History: Middle Ages
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